Nila Tanzil 著、Nabila Adani挿絵によるインドネシアの絵本『エピの新しい友達』の中では、インドネシアの女の子がアフガニスタンからの難民である新しい隣人と一緒に遊びたいと思っています。話す言葉は違っても、遊びという普遍的なコミュニケーションによって、すぐにつながることでできるのです。やがてこの二家族は、インドネシアとアフガニスタンの伝統食を食べるという新しい経験をしながら、断食をするという共通習慣を共有します。
Nepal’s high dropout rate for female students had prompted campaigns to keep girls in school. But as the country’s lockdown enters its third month, the challenge now seems to be to keep them at home.
With a rise in reports of child marriages and trafficking of girls, there are fears that Nepal’s efforts to increase female literacy by preventing them from dropping out of school may suffer a setback if the lockdown continues.
A 16-year old of a village in Bardia disappeared from her home on 8 April, two weeks after Nepal’s nationwide lockdown went into effect. She had just completed her Grade 9 exams.
Her parents found out she was having an affair with an Indian classmate who was staying in their neighbourhood with his maternal uncle, had eloped and sneaked over the border. The parents filed a missing person report at the local police, but they ignored the complaint saying she was probably staying with friends.
The parents then contacted the District Police Office and Maiti Nepal office in Gularia, but the police was overstretched enforcing the lockdown, and said there was not much they could do even though the girl called from an Indian mobile. She called to say she was fine and to ask her parents to drop the police investigation.
“She was one of the 600 teenagers who were part of our girl education program for low-income communities with high dropout rates in school and vulnerable to abuse,” says Sakuntala Chaudhari of the literacy advocacy group, Room to Read.
Another Grade 9 student from Gularia that Room To Read was monitoring eloped with a boy from the next village. Her parents decided not to file a case because their community considered elopement a part of its tradition.
It turned out that the extended family was in financial trouble because of the lockdown, the young woman was an extra mouth to feed and when she eloped it was a relief to the family. However, she will now probably not continue with her education.
“During the lockdown there are food shortages, money is running out for many families, and daughters have the least priority,” explains Salina Tamang of Room to Read’s Girls’ Education Program.
Out of the 4,321 girls the program supports in the districts of Banke, Bardia, Tanahu, and Nuwakot, with distance learning through radio, 500 girls have been out of touch during since the lockdown. These were from families which were already deemed to be at high-risk of dropping out of school. But the good news is that a majority of the girls are in contact and continuing home studies through radio.
Room to Read has identified at least seven cases of child marriage since the lockdown started among the students it supports in Bardia and Banke districts alone. Many of the girls are in areas with poor phone connection, or the girls did not have their own phones to report regularly or talk about potential abusive situations.
A 16-year-old from Kohalpur in Banke stopped responding to calls from Room To Read, and it turned out she had run away with a boy in her class. Her mother tried to get her back, but could not travel because of the lockdown. She has not reported the case to the police because of worries that her daughter might commit suicide.
The Malala Fund estimates that 10 million more secondary school girls worldwide could be out of school once the crisis has passed. The lockdown has affected education worldwide, but in countries like Nepal it threatens to undo years of work to improve female literacy and reduce the dropout rate among girl students.
UNESCO estimates that nearly 90% of the students enrolled in education globally are currently out of school because of COVID-19 closures. This represents 1.54 billion enrolled children and youth, including nearly 743 million girls.
Back in western Nepal, five other girls between the ages of 14-17 in Banke and Bardia districts have run away from home to get married since the lockdown began, mostly with classmates or local boys. These are just cases in two districts after the lockdown, and only came to light because the girls were being closely monitored. There is a fear child marriages and trafficking will increase during the COVID-19 school closure.
One of them, a 17-year-old from Kohalpur, got married after her mother scolded her for having an affair. Another 16-year-old in Bardia decided to run away from home after harsh behaviour by her aunt at home during the lockdown.
Police are reluctant to register trafficking, child marriage and domestic abuse cases during the lockdown, and this has exposed the traditional lack of priority given to the safety women and girls in society, which the present crisis has magnified.
SAN FRANCISCO — As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to alter our lives, a startling truth has been realized that, sadly, mirrors trends of all global crises. Women and girls, particularly those in vulnerable communities, are disproportionately impacted.
Women are often on the front lines, caring for their communities. Women comprise 70% of the healthcare and social sector workforce in 104 countries, analyzed by the World Health Organization (WHO). Women are also expected to care for sick family members and neighbors, particularly in communities where gender stereotypes prevail. Even when it comes to work, nearly 60% of women are in the informal or gig economy where jobs are far less secure. In these jobs, women earn less, save less, and ultimately, are at greater risk of falling into poverty.
For me, the impact on education is most worrisome. I can’t stop thinking about the futures of the tens and thousands of girls and young women Room to Read supports through our Girls’ Education Program. They will struggle even with our support, let alone those who are dealing with school closures. The acute costs that girls and young women will pay in their future potential are far-reaching and even irreversible.
While time out of the classroom for students in many parts of the world may mean distance learning or separation from friends, for many other children, the implications are severe. For low-income communities around the world, coronavirus could mean the permanent end of a child’s education. We sadly know the risks too well.
The countries we work in already face uphill battles against high levels of school dropout for girls. That is why we are concerned that schools are closed in every country where our Girls’ Education Program currently operates. We are dealing with the realization that this will be the last time we see some of the girls enrolled in the program and that likely many of their peers will never return to school.
Girls in low-income communities face significant pressures to marry and have children too young, and can become victims of domestic violence, trafficking or rape. These risks increase without the haven of a supportive environment at school. Many will also face demands to abandon their education in order to support their families financially or through home care during this pandemic. This is an urgent and deeply concerning time for girls. We must implement interventions to flatten what will surely be a concerning curve in human potential lost.
Sapana
Sapana is a 21-year-old woman in Nepal, who graduated from Room to Read’s Girls’ Education Program and went on to fulfill her dream of becoming a nurse. She is now helping her community during this pandemic by bravely and selflessly caring for patients. Sapana is living proof of what happens when you educate a girl.
Without our investments in education, in these communities, we would not have the first generation of educated young women, the first generation of healthcare workers! In Sapana’s words: “My parents insisted that I leave my job as a nurse because they were afraid of the pandemic. After a long discussion with them, I was able to finally calm them out of the panic. I love my work and this is why I studied so hard…so that I can be of help to others”.
We know how to help. Our source of hope in these dark times comes from a familiar source – strong women mentors. Girls who are supported by Room to Read typically meet regularly with a female mentor assigned to be their advocate and guide while navigating obstacles to their education and charting their own paths. With communities physically separated from one another, our mentors can no longer conduct their home visits and check in on the well-being of the girls. However, the need to keep in regular contact with these girls is more urgent than ever, so mentors have sought out solutions to continue their important work.
Our teams on the ground are identifying girls most at risk, so we can support them more intensively. Our mentors, known as “social mobilizers” are calling the girls and their families on the phone and conducting video chats and conferences whenever possible, to ensure these young women are safe and remain tenacious in their pursuit of an education.
In Cambodia, Ranny is a social mobilizer working in the Kampong Cham region. She currently has 140 girls under her watch in her district despite the lockdown. Her motivation is an inspirational message to us all: “The reason for our work is to empower girls and reach about gender equality. As long as children are educated, society will become better.” Ranny and her team are innovating to communicate with the girls through social media channels, from WhatsApp to Facebook messenger. If a girl does not own a phone, the mentor helps her identify one to use from a parent, relative or neighbor.
We cannot let the doors of opportunity close forever on the future female scientists, healthcare workers, and leaders of our world. Let’s make sure they see the inside of a classroom again and are able to pave the way for a safer, healthier and more prosperous future for us all.
Dr. Geetha Murali is the CEO of Room to Read, a non-profit organization creating a world free from illiteracy and gender inequality.
《Education Endures》 How Room to Read is Benefiting Children During the COVID-19 Crisis
According to UNESCO, an unprecedented number of students worldwide are currently out of school [1] during one of the largest and most widespread school shutdowns the world has ever seen. Amidst this pandemic, there has never been a more urgent need to facilitate learning. Even during the most challenging times, education is one thing that cannot be taken away — it endures for all who receive it, and strengthens communities by creating a generation of people who are resilient and compassionate. Room to Read is working in communities across the globe to ensure that no child is at risk of their education coming to an end. Here are some of the ways we continue to deliver educational resources to our students.
Distance Mentoring Sessions
Across all of our program countries, Social Mobilizers conduct virtual mentoring sessions with participants in our Girls’ Education Program and check in with the girls’ families. These video chats and phone calls provide ongoing emotional support, while also monitoring risks that may lead a girl to drop out of school during this time.
Educational instruction via radio broadcast
In Sri Lanka, Nepal, Tanzania and South Africa, we are partnering with local radio stations to broadcast literacy activities. These broadcasts include parents to support their children’s education at home. According to UNESCO, 75% of households globally have access to radio [2], so these broadcasts allow us to reach students who may not have computer or internet access.
In Tanzania, we are also partnering with the Tanzania Institute for Education to secure government-sponsored radio time for educational learning, in order to broadcast Life Skills Education materials from our Girls’ Education Program.
Read-aloud Videos
In Nepal and Laos, our literacy facilitators organize online groups of parents, teachers and school faculty to discuss reading and educational materials for their students. Teachers and staff are creating read-aloud videos, as well as gathering tips on reading aloud to children, and providing these resources through the online groups. These read-alouds are shared on social media as well, so they are easily accessible for parents and students across the country.
Online Reading Periods
In Vietnam, teachers are implementing virtual “reading periods” in place of the library periods students normally have during the week. These online sessions allow students to practice their literacy skills and to share stories with their teachers and classmates. They help keep students engaged in distance learning activities by providing a space for children to connect over books. The reading periods also give parents and teachers an opportunity to ask each other questions and discuss the best methods to support their children’s reading at home.
Parent Engagement
In Cambodia, our team developed short videos for parents with tips and guidance on how to engage their children in reading and literacy activities. The team shares these videos through messenger apps. In addition to these videos, our Literacy Program team periodically follows up with parents via calls and texts to check on their progress, answer questions, and provide encouragement.
Social mobilizers have also implemented remote welcome meetings with new Girls’ Education Program parents via phone call, video call or messenger to introduce themselves and explain the structure of the Girls’ Education Program activities.
